kazulog@sv1:~$ sudo journalctl -u nginx -n 5 --no-pager | cat
Sep 10 15:49:52 sv1 systemd[1]: Stopping nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Sep 10 15:49:52 sv1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Deactivated successfully.
Sep 10 15:49:52 sv1 systemd[1]: Stopped nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
Sep 10 15:49:52 sv1 systemd[1]: Starting nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Sep 10 15:49:52 sv1 systemd[1]: Started nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
kazulog@sv1:~$ sudo journalctl -u nginx --since '10 min ago' --until '5 min ago' --no-pager | head -5 | cat
-- No entries --
kazulog@sv1:~$ sudo journalctl -b --no-pager | head -8 | cat
Sep 10 15:48:57 localhost kernel: Linux version 7.0.0-30-generic (buildd@lcy02-amd64-048) (x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.46) #30-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Jul 31 18:22:54 UTC 2026 (Ubuntu 7.0.0-30.30-generic 7.0.12)
Sep 10 15:48:57 localhost kernel: Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-7.0.0-30-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro console=tty1 console=ttyS0
Sep 10 15:48:57 localhost kernel: KERNEL supported cpus:
Sep 10 15:48:57 localhost kernel:   Intel GenuineIntel
Sep 10 15:48:57 localhost kernel:   AMD AuthenticAMD
Sep 10 15:48:57 localhost kernel:   Hygon HygonGenuine
Sep 10 15:48:57 localhost kernel:   Centaur CentaurHauls
Sep 10 15:48:57 localhost kernel:   zhaoxin   Shanghai  
kazulog@sv1:~$ sudo journalctl -b -1 --no-pager | tail -4 | cat
Sep 10 15:48:37 sv1 systemd-shutdown[1]: Syncing filesystems and block devices.
Sep 10 15:48:37 sv1 systemd-shutdown[1]: Sending SIGTERM to remaining processes...
Sep 10 15:48:37 sv1 systemd-journald[588]: Received SIGTERM from PID 1 (systemd-shutdow).
Sep 10 15:48:37 sv1 systemd-journald[588]: Journal stopped
kazulog@sv1:~$ sudo journalctl -p err -b --no-pager | cat
Sep 10 15:49:41 sv1 systemd[1]: Failed to start nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
kazulog@sv1:~$ sudo journalctl --list-boots --no-pager | cat
IDX BOOT ID                          FIRST ENTRY                 LAST ENTRY
 -4 86eabfe1a02f41f495461c35e41ba1e1 Thu 2026-09-10 13:29:59 JST Thu 2026-09-10 13:35:24 JST
 -3 97c1d18c29b44f12b3d72adc2fa94bb7 Thu 2026-09-10 13:56:38 JST Thu 2026-09-10 13:57:45 JST
 -2 97239a4ef00a4330845686247b03fce9 Thu 2026-09-10 14:39:13 JST Thu 2026-09-10 15:00:27 JST
 -1 bb94a595d49d44859c82f7293889dc8f Thu 2026-09-10 15:46:55 JST Thu 2026-09-10 15:48:37 JST
  0 a06471efe1864ea8b5885524c0299227 Thu 2026-09-10 15:48:57 JST Thu 2026-09-10 15:50:15 JST
kazulog@sv1:~$ journalctl --disk-usage
Archived and active journals take up 72M in the file system.
kazulog@sv1:~$ ls -d /var/log/journal/*
/var/log/journal/435660ecd769447c8d3e12c234a35841